February 1, 2017
Packaged Air Conditioners – Types of Packaged AC
This article describes what the package air conditioner is and the types of packaged air conditioners.
The window and split air conditioners are usually used for the small air conditioning capacities up to 5 tons. The central air conditioning systems are used for where the cooling loads extend beyond 20 tons. The packaged air conditioners are used for the cooling capacities in between these two extremes. The packaged air conditioners are available in the fixed rated capacities of 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15 tons. These units are used commonly in places like restaurants, telephone exchanges, homes, small halls, etc.
As the name implies, in the packaged air conditioners all the important components of the air conditioners are enclosed in a single casing like window AC. Thus the compressor, cooling coil, air handling unit and the air filter are all housed in a single casing and assembled at the factory location.
Depending on the type of the cooling system used in these systems, the packaged air conditioners are divided into two types: ones with water cooled condenser and the ones with air cooled condensers. Both these systems have been described below:
Packaged Air Conditioners with Water Cooled Condenser
In these packaged air conditions the condenser is cooled by the water. The condenser is of shell and tube type, with refrigerant flowing along the tube side and the cooling water flowing along the shell side. The water has to be supplied continuously in these systems to maintain functioning of the air conditioning system.
The shell and tube type of condenser is compact in shape and it is enclosed in a single casing along with the compressor, expansion valve, and the air handling unit including the cooling coil or the evaporator. This whole packaged air conditioning unit externally looks like a box with the control panel located externally.
packaged units with the water cooled condenser, the compressor is located at the bottom along with the condenser (refer the figure below). Above these components the evaporator or the cooling coil is located. The air handling unit comprising of the centrifugal blower and the air filter is located above the cooling coil. The centrifugal blower has the capacity to handle large volume of air required for cooling a number of rooms. From the top of the package air conditioners the duct comes out that extends to the various rooms that are to be cooled.
All the components of this package AC are assembled at the factory site. The gas charging is also done at the factory thus one does not have to perform the complicated operations of the laying the piping, evacuation, gas charging, and leak testing at the site. The unit can be transported very easily to the site and is installed easily on the plane surface. Since all the components are assembled at the factory, the high quality of the packaged unit is ensured.
Package AC with Water Cooled Condenser
Packaged Air Conditioners with Air Cooled Condensers
In this packaged air conditioners the condenser of the refrigeration system is cooled by the atmospheric air. There is an outdoor unit that comprises of the important components like the compressor, condenser and in some cases the expansion valve (refer the figure below). The outdoor unit can be kept on the terrace or any other open place where the free flow of the atmospheric air is available. The fan located inside this unit sucks the outside air and blows it over the condenser coil cooling it in the process. The condenser coil is made up of several turns of the copper tubing and it is finned externally. The packaged ACs with the air cooled condensers are used more commonly than the ones with water cooled condensers since air is freely available it is difficult maintain continuous flow of the water.
The cooling unit comprising of the expansion valve, evaporator, the air handling blower and the filter are located on the floor or hanged to the ceiling. The ducts coming from the cooling unit are connected to the various rooms that are to be cooled.
The window and split air conditioners are usually used for the small air conditioning capacities up to 5 tons. The central air conditioning systems are used for where the cooling loads extend beyond 20 tons. The packaged air conditioners are used for the cooling capacities in between these two extremes. The packaged air conditioners are available in the fixed rated capacities of 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15 tons. These units are used commonly in places like restaurants, telephone exchanges, homes, small halls, etc.
As the name implies, in the packaged air conditioners all the important components of the air conditioners are enclosed in a single casing like window AC. Thus the compressor, cooling coil, air handling unit and the air filter are all housed in a single casing and assembled at the factory location.
Depending on the type of the cooling system used in these systems, the packaged air conditioners are divided into two types: ones with water cooled condenser and the ones with air cooled condensers. Both these systems have been described below:
Packaged Air Conditioners with Water Cooled Condenser
In these packaged air conditions the condenser is cooled by the water. The condenser is of shell and tube type, with refrigerant flowing along the tube side and the cooling water flowing along the shell side. The water has to be supplied continuously in these systems to maintain functioning of the air conditioning system.
The shell and tube type of condenser is compact in shape and it is enclosed in a single casing along with the compressor, expansion valve, and the air handling unit including the cooling coil or the evaporator. This whole packaged air conditioning unit externally looks like a box with the control panel located externally.
packaged units with the water cooled condenser, the compressor is located at the bottom along with the condenser (refer the figure below). Above these components the evaporator or the cooling coil is located. The air handling unit comprising of the centrifugal blower and the air filter is located above the cooling coil. The centrifugal blower has the capacity to handle large volume of air required for cooling a number of rooms. From the top of the package air conditioners the duct comes out that extends to the various rooms that are to be cooled.
All the components of this package AC are assembled at the factory site. The gas charging is also done at the factory thus one does not have to perform the complicated operations of the laying the piping, evacuation, gas charging, and leak testing at the site. The unit can be transported very easily to the site and is installed easily on the plane surface. Since all the components are assembled at the factory, the high quality of the packaged unit is ensured.
Package AC with Water Cooled Condenser
Packaged Air Conditioners with Air Cooled Condensers
In this packaged air conditioners the condenser of the refrigeration system is cooled by the atmospheric air. There is an outdoor unit that comprises of the important components like the compressor, condenser and in some cases the expansion valve (refer the figure below). The outdoor unit can be kept on the terrace or any other open place where the free flow of the atmospheric air is available. The fan located inside this unit sucks the outside air and blows it over the condenser coil cooling it in the process. The condenser coil is made up of several turns of the copper tubing and it is finned externally. The packaged ACs with the air cooled condensers are used more commonly than the ones with water cooled condensers since air is freely available it is difficult maintain continuous flow of the water.
The cooling unit comprising of the expansion valve, evaporator, the air handling blower and the filter are located on the floor or hanged to the ceiling. The ducts coming from the cooling unit are connected to the various rooms that are to be cooled.
Internal Combustion Engines: Introduction and Classification
The inner burning motors are actually the motors where the burning from a gas accompanies an oxidizer (normally air) in a burning enclosure that is actually an important aspect of the operating liquid circulation circuit. In an interior burning motor, the development from the heat and also high-pressure fuels made through ignition administer straight pressure to some element from the motor. The force is actually administered normally to engines, generator cutters or even a faucet.
In an interior burning motor the development from the heat as well as high-pressure fuels made through burning use straight pressure to some element from the motor. The force is actually administered usually to engines, wind turbine cutters or even a mist nozzle.
Principal of Operation:
Air-fuel blend in the ignition enclosure is actually sparked, either through a fuse (in the event from SI Engines) or even through squeezing (just in case from CI motors). This ignition generates incredible volume from heat and also stress inside the cylindrical tube. This causes returning the compliment movement in the engine.
Energy from the engine is actually sent to a crankshaft which goes through turning activity. The rotating activity is actually essentially broadcast to the steering wheels of the car, by means of a gear box device, to make power in the motor vehicle.
As the ignition happens internally inside the cylindrical tube (an aspect of functioning liquid circuit) the motor is actually contacted inner burning motor.
Energy from the engine is actually sent to a crankshaft which goes through turning activity. The rotating activity is actually essentially broadcast to the steering wheels of the car, by means of a gear box device, to make power in the motor vehicle.
As the ignition happens internally inside the cylindrical tube (an aspect of functioning liquid circuit) the motor is actually contacted inner burning motor.
Classification of Internal Combustion Engine:
1. Based on application
- Automobile Engine
- Aircraft Engine
- Locomotive Engine
- Marine Engine
- Stationary Engine
2. Based on basic engine design
- Reciprocating: Single cylinder, Multi-cylinder In-line, V, radial, opposed cylinder, Opposed Piston.
- Rotatory: Single motor, Multi motor
3. Based on operating cycle
- Atkinson (For complete expansion SI Engine)
- Diesel (For the Ideal Diesel Engine)
- Dual (For the Actual Diesel Engine)
- Miller (For Early/Late Inlet valve closing type SI Engine)
- Otto (For the Convectional SI Engine)
4. Based on working cycle
- Four stroke cycle
- Two stroke cycle
- Scavenging ; direct/crankcase/cross flow; back flow/loop; Uni flow
- Naturally aspirated or turbocharged
5. Based on Valve/port design and location
- Design of valve/port
- Poppet valve
- Rotatory valve
- Location of valve/port
- T-head
- L-head
- F-head
- L-head
6.Based on Fuel
- Convectional
- Crude oil derivatives; Petrol, diesel
- Other sources; coal, bio-mass, tar stands, shale
- Alternative
- Petroleum derived: CNG, LPG
- Bio-mass derived: alcohols, vegetable oils, producer gas, biogas and hydrogen
- Blending
- Bi-fuel and dual fuel
7. Based on mixture preparation
- Carburetion
- Fuel injection
8. Based on ignition
- Spark ignition
- Compression Ignition
9. Based on stratification of charge
- Homogeneous Charge
- Stratified charge
- With carburetion
- With fuel injection
10. Based on combustion chamber design
- Open chamber: Disc, wedge, hemispherical, bowl-in-piston, bath tub.
- Divided chamber:
- (For CI) 1. Swirl chamber, 2. Pre-chamber
- (for SI) 1. CVCC, 2. Other designs
11. Based on cooling system
- Air-cooling system
- Water-cooling system
What is difference between Autocad and Solidworks?
AutoCAD is, much like SolidWorks, a Computer system Assisted Layout software program application for 2-D as well as 3-D style as well as preparing. AutoCAD was among the initial CAD programs to operate on individual or personal computer, especially the IBM desktop computer. During that time, most various other CAD programs operated on data processor computer systems or mini-computers that were linked to a graphics computer system terminal for each and every customer. Early launches of AutoCAD made use of standard entities such as lines, poly lines, circles, arcs, as well as message to eventually build much more intricate items. AutoCAD has actually because begun to sustain personalized things with its C++ Application Shows User interface (API).
Modern AutoCAD consists of a complete collection of fundamental strong modelling and also 3-D devices. With the launch of AutoCAD 2007 enhanced 3D modelling saw the light, which suggests far better navigating when operating in 3 measurements. It likewise came to be simpler to modify 3-D versions. The psychological ray engine was consisted of in making as well as therefore it was currently feasible to do high-quality makings. AutoCAD 2010 presented parametric performance and also network modeling. Presently, AutoCAD just runs under Microsoft Windows running systems. It is offered in 32-bit as well as 64-bit variations. AutoCAD could work on an emulator or compatibility layer like VM-ware Workstation or Wine, although numerous efficiency problems could develop if you deal with 3-D things or big illustrations.
Selecting a system that helps you depends entirely on the kind of job you wish to do. Several specialists state that SolidWorks is much more efficient when working with 3-dimensional layouts which AutoCAD is the method to choose 2-dimensional layout.
Modern AutoCAD consists of a complete collection of fundamental strong modelling and also 3-D devices. With the launch of AutoCAD 2007 enhanced 3D modelling saw the light, which suggests far better navigating when operating in 3 measurements. It likewise came to be simpler to modify 3-D versions. The psychological ray engine was consisted of in making as well as therefore it was currently feasible to do high-quality makings. AutoCAD 2010 presented parametric performance and also network modeling. Presently, AutoCAD just runs under Microsoft Windows running systems. It is offered in 32-bit as well as 64-bit variations. AutoCAD could work on an emulator or compatibility layer like VM-ware Workstation or Wine, although numerous efficiency problems could develop if you deal with 3-D things or big illustrations.
Selecting a system that helps you depends entirely on the kind of job you wish to do. Several specialists state that SolidWorks is much more efficient when working with 3-dimensional layouts which AutoCAD is the method to choose 2-dimensional layout.
September 28, 2016
Yoga – best positions for melting fat from the abdominal area
Without
exercise and a diet low in carbohydrates is hard to reduce belly fat.
Unfortunately, there are natural remedies that you wonder melt can burn the
calories overnight. For a thin and toned waist, it is recommended that at least
5 minutes a day one must do crunches. Here are a few yoga positions if done
consistently, one can have a flat stomach. Many yoga poses are easy to do even
if you do not have a very flexible body. It is important to not force yourself;
try to start slowly and then, you can repeat them regularly, thus body
flexibility will be automatically enhanced. Here are a few most effective yoga
exercises for melting fat from the abdominal area.
1. Cobra position
This exercise is
beneficial not only for the abdominal muscles, but also for the back. It is
often recommended to the people suffering from herniated disc. For the best
results from this workout, try to stay in the position for at least 30 seconds.
If, however, your back hurts when you execute, you must give up and move to
some other exercise before repeating it.
2. Plank position
Plank exercise is
perhaps most effective when it comes to burning fat in the abdominal area. This
exercise improves posture, improves your balance, it makes you more flexible
and tones the whole body. All you have to do is manage to stay in this position
as long as possible.
3. Boat Position
This position
requires you to stay on the floor with legs raised 45 degrees and high trunk,
so to be in perfect balance. Let down and raise your legs 4-5 times. Watch out
for your inhalation and exhalation, you lift your feet with every breaths, and
when you give bring them down. Remember, this yoga is not just about losing
weight and toning, but can also provide you relaxation and improve mental
status.
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